Stability of miniscrews depending on the anatomical and topographic zone of localization during orthodontic treatment

Abstract

During orthodontic treatment, miniscrews are used as additional hardware to create skeletal support for more efficient movement of teeth on braces and aligners. The most common areas for placing miniscrews are the alveolar ridge of the upper jaw, the retromolar region, the interradicular space, and the subzygomatic ridge. Purpose of the study: to evaluate the influence of the anatomical and topographic localization of steel and titanium miniscrews on their stability in bone tissue during orthodontic treatment using fixed orthodontic appliances Materials and methods. An examination, photo protocol, and analysis of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were performed in 60 patients who had a history of having a miniscrew placed in the interradicular and retromolar areas, and the subzygomatic ridge. An analysis of the stability of miniscrews was carried out immediately after the operation of installing a miniscrew, performed under local anesthesia, and during the entire period of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Results. The most common primary and secondary rejection of titanium miniscrews was observed in the retromolar region (6.2 and 18.7%, respectively), steel ones — in the subzygomatic ridge (50 and 37.5%, respectively). Conclusion: The maximum stability of miniscrews when treating patients with a fixed technique using a skeletal support is observed in the interroot region. It is necessary to carefully plan the site of miniscrew insertion based on CBCT data, taking into account the individual characteristics of the bone tissue structure to reduce the risk of loss of skeletal support.