Abstract
Lately, due to improved diagnostics of pulmonary diseases, incl. mycobacterial infection, the mycobacteriosis diagnosis is significantly more frequently confirmed. Маterials and methods. 259 medical records of patients with bacteriologically confirmed mycobacteriosis diagnosis (throughout 2022-2023) have been reviewed. 185 patients have been excluded from the study, since they were under care at other medical institutions, in 2 cases mycobacterial infection of joints was diagnosed, 2 patients were under 18, 28 patients had a combination of mycobacterial infection and HIV, 72 a combination of pulmonary TB (either as of the moment of examination or previously) and mycobacteriosis, and in the remaining 11 patients non-TB mycobacteria have been isolated from sputum only once, hence the pulmonary mycobacteriosis diagnosis could not be confirmed. 74 patients with proven diagnosis of mycobacterial infection of the respiratory system were included into the study, these patients were under care in the out-patient department of St Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology. Results. Out of 74 patients with confirmed mycobacterial infection of the respiratory system 57 (77%) were females and 17 (23%) males; 63.6% were patients of middle age and seniors. In 62.2% cases mycobacterial infection was caused by NTM аvium. Frequently, pulmonary mycobacteriosis was caused by slowly growing МАС (62.2%), or rapidly growing M. abscessus (2.6%). More than half of patients demonstrated intoxication symptoms. Out of concomitant diseases, COPD was diagnosed mostly (22 patients, or 29.7%). X-ray examination most often revealed disseminated and infiltrative processes in the lungs: 36 (48.6%) and 35 (47.3%) patients, respectively. Bronchoectases were registered in 34 patients (45.9%), of those 27 patients (79.4%) had a combination of bronchiectasis and dissemination. Conclusion: In the group under study, mycobacteriosis was caused mainly by NTM аvium. Frequently, pulmonary mycobacteriosis was caused by slowly growing МАС (62.2 %), or rapidly growing M. abscessus (2.6%). Based on the data presented, females of 45 years of age and older are more prone to mycobacteriosis. There were no pathognomonic signs of pulmonary mycobacteriosis.