Genetic predictors of obesity regain after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

Abstract

Obesity is a chronic condition characterized by the excessive accumulation of fat tissue in the body, posing a threat to health and serving as a major risk factor for various other chronic diseases. Currently, bariatric surgery is considered one of the most effective methods to combat obesity. However, studies by various authors indicate that the recurrence of obesity in the long-term postoperative period occurs in an average of 20% of cases. There is a pressing need to identify predictors of weight regain in the preoperative period for a more precise determination of indications for specific treatment methods. Aim. To identify the relationship between genetic profiles and the likelihood of obesity recurrence after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Materials and methods. The study included 79 patients with a mean age of 44 years, comprising 27% men and 73% women. In all cases, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was performed. Patients were observed for five years, after which they were divided into two groups: 78.5% without recurrence and 21.5% with recurrence. When analyzing%EBMIL (percentage of excess body mass index lost) one year after laparoscopic vertical gastrectomy, all surgical interventions were deemed effective (%EBMIL>50%). Results. After whole-exome sequencing of 79 samples, an analysis based on the Fisher exact test revealed 49 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) associated with obesity recurrence (p <0.01). Based on these data, a genetic risk scale was developed, allowing the preoperative assessment to determine the probability of obesity recurrence in the long-term postoperative period after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Conclusions. A scale has been developed to assess the risk of obesity recurrence after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. According to the authors, the use of this scale will help formulate a weight correction strategy before and after the operation.