Bronchial asthma incidence and mortality dynamics in adult population of the North-Western federal district

Abstract

Aim. Study the BA incidence and mortality dynamics in adult population of the North-West Federal District (SZFО) throughout 2010–2019, as well as compare these parameters of SZFO subjects with other regions.

Маterials and methods. Official data from statistical books of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation have been used, in particular adults’ presentation to the medical institutions of the Russian Federation, Moscow and SZFO subjects with BA throughout 2010–2019, as well as BA deaths. Microsoft Excel and SPSS programmes were used to process statistical data.

Results. Among the federal districts of the Russian Federation, the North-West was #3 in 2018 with primary BA incidence. Сomparative analysis of 2010–2019 data showed that both general BA incidence and newly diagnosed cases of BA among the adult population of SZFO may be assessed as not very high on a global scale. The BA incidence dynamics throughout the period under study had an ascending trend. Mortality due to bronchial asthma on the whole tend to decrease, but there is a significant variability among various regions of SZFO. BA primary incidence is much higher in Nenets Autonomous District and Arkhangelsk Region (М=191.1±12.6 and 106.4±5.7, respectively), while general incidence was much higher in Arkhangelsk and Pskov Regions, higher than the average levels over Russia and the incidence levels in the majority of SZFO subjects. BA general incidence had minimal levels in the adult population of SZFO in 2010 (934.6), and maximum ones — in 2019 (1233.1). The BA general incidence in all the regions showed pronounced ascending trend, except Saint Petersburg where it was stable (Тпр.ср.=0.73%). The highest BA mortality level among SZFO population was noted in 2010 — 1.6 сases per 100,000 population, the lowest — in 2016 (0.5 сases). Сomparative analysis demonstrated that BA mortality level in 2017 in the overall population of Russia was 22.2% higher than among SZFO population.

Conclusion. Higher bronchial asthma incidence among adult population of SZFO regions is due to commonly recognized factors that promote the development of this condition, including ecology, pollution (environment, air) and climate and geographic features, but also are connected with improvement in BA diagnostics, last but not least thanks to better quality of continuous education of pulmonology specialists.