Abstract
The results of the observation study of drug resistance of Mycobacteria tuberculosis (TB) in Belarus Republic showed that the incidence of multi drug resistance (MDR) among newly revealed patients was 32,7%, among previously treated - 76,6% (in Russian Federation - 21,9% and 58,5% respectively). Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis was 1,7% and 16,5% respectively. The laboratory service of Belarus Republic was improved by foundation of highly equipped 3-dimentional network with the head Republic Reference Laboratory (RRL), which functions on the basis of the State establishment “Republic scientific-practical center of pulmonology and phthisiology”. Reorganization of laboratory service resulted in increase of bacteriological verification of tuberculosis from 43,8% in 2007 to 76,0% in 2012 year. Implementation into practice the automated systems and molecular-genetic methods of MDR TB detection and determination of drug sensitivity allowed 2-3 fold reduction of the time needed for TB diagnostics, to prescribe in proper time the adequate chemotherapy regimen, decrease the incidence of MDR TB development. Authors suggested the algorithm of laboratory diagnostics of tuberculosis and drug resistance MDR using shortcut methods.